微生物基礎(chǔ)：看微生物盲樣檢測過程分析
發(fā)布時間：
2022-11-16
作者：
青島日水生物
微生物盲樣檢測過程分析
一、明確盲樣檢測目標(biāo)；
首先要清楚檢測哪類微生物：
1、根據(jù)病原菌的致病部位：腸道致病菌、呼吸道致病菌等。
2、何類產(chǎn)品的微生物：食品中微生物、化妝品中微生物、水質(zhì)中微生物等。
二、審核盲樣性狀：
根據(jù)盲樣性狀制訂檢測方案，如：液體、固體、附著于載體上、產(chǎn)品(食品、化妝品、水等)。
混合菌(一般為1~3株菌，不同種類，它們之間為不同比例)還是單一菌？
三、制訂檢測要點：
1、涂片染色、鏡檢：
1）、判定染色反應(yīng)：革蘭氏染色、抗酸染色、芽胞染色、鞭毛染色等。
2）、菌體形態(tài)：球菌（分散狀、成堆狀、鏈狀、成雙狀）、桿菌：（長桿菌、短桿菌、粗桿菌、細(xì)桿菌、鏈桿菌、彎曲桿菌等）。
2、培養(yǎng)：
1）、根據(jù)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書，選擇分離培養(yǎng)用培養(yǎng)基及增菌培養(yǎng)用培養(yǎng)基，從增菌培養(yǎng)管中挑取增菌液，進(jìn)行增菌及分離培養(yǎng)。
2）、根據(jù)盲樣檢測目標(biāo)、盲樣性狀、染色鏡檢等信息，選擇分離培養(yǎng)用培養(yǎng)基及增菌培養(yǎng)用培養(yǎng)基，進(jìn)行增菌及分離培養(yǎng)。
3、挑取可疑菌落進(jìn)行純培養(yǎng)：
參照從染色鏡檢的信息、選擇菌落等，從培養(yǎng)基上選擇不同菌落形態(tài)、色澤、光滑、濕潤程度、邊緣狀態(tài)等。進(jìn)行純培養(yǎng)。
4、生物化學(xué)試驗：
根據(jù)菌落特點、染色鏡檢等信息，選擇生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)試驗。
如：可疑為腸道致病菌，選擇三糖鐵培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行初篩，然后進(jìn)行全面生物化學(xué)試驗等。
可疑為金黃色葡萄球菌，進(jìn)行血漿凝固酶試驗等。
5、血清學(xué)試驗：
根據(jù)菌落形態(tài)、染色鏡檢、生物化學(xué)試驗等，選擇診斷血清分群、分型。
四、綜合分析：
根據(jù)菌落形態(tài)、染色鏡檢、血清學(xué)試驗、生化試驗或分子生物學(xué)檢測等，判定盲樣中微生物的種類名稱。
Analysis of microorganism blind test process
1. Define the target of blind sample detection;
The first thing to do is to know which microbes to detect:
1. According to the pathogenic sites of pathogenic bacteria: intestinal pathogens, respiratory pathogens, etc.
2. Microbes of what kind of products: microbes in food, microbes in cosmetics, microbes in water, etc.
2. Examine the blind traits:
Develop test plans according to the blind character, such as: liquid, solid, attached to carrier, product (food, cosmetics, water, etc.).
Mixed bacteria (generally 1 to 3 strains of bacteria, different species, they are different proportions) or single bacteria?
Iii. Develop test key points:
1. Smear dyeing and microscopic examination:
1) determination of staining reaction: gram staining, anti-acid staining, bud cell staining, flagella staining, etc.
2) morphology of bacteria: coccus (dispersed, mounds, chain, double), bacillus (long bacillus, short bacillus, crude bacillus, fine bacillus, chain bacillus, campylobacter, etc.)
2. Culture:
1) according to the operation instructions, the culture medium for isolation and culture and the culture medium for increasing bacteria were selected, and the culture medium for increasing bacteria was selected from the culture tube for bacteria enrichment and isolation culture.
2) according to the information of blind sample detection target, blind sample character, dyeing microscope, etc., culture medium and culture medium for isolation culture and culture for bacteria enrichment and isolation culture were selected.
3. Select suspect colonies for pure culture:
According to the information of staining microscopy and colony selection, different colony morphology, color, smoothness, wetness and edge state were selected from the culture medium. Pure culture.
4. Biochemical test:
The biochemical reaction test was selected according to colony characteristics, stain microscopy and other information.
For example, if it is suspected to be a intestinal pathogen, the culture medium of trisaccharide iron was selected for preliminary screening, and then comprehensive biochemical tests were carried out.
Suspected staphylococcus aureus, plasma coagulase test.
5. Serological test:
According to colony morphology, staining microscopic examination, biochemical test, etc., the diagnosis of serum classification, classification.
Iv. Comprehensive analysis:
The species names of microorganisms in blind samples were determined according to colony morphology, staining microscopy, serology test, biochemical test or molecular biological test.