普通通用培養(yǎng)基是什么？有哪些種類？
發(fā)布時(shí)間：
2022-12-27
作者：
培養(yǎng)基（Medium）是供微生物、植物組織和動(dòng)物組織生長(zhǎng)和維持用的人工配制的養(yǎng)料，一般都含有碳水化合物、含氮物質(zhì)、無機(jī)鹽（包括微量元素）以及維生素和水等。不同種類可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，添加一些自身無法合成的化合物，即生長(zhǎng)因子。
液體培養(yǎng)基為什么是粉末的？
由于配制的原料不同，使用要求不同，而貯存保管方面也稍有不同。一般在受熱、吸潮后，易被細(xì)菌污染或分解變質(zhì)，因此必須防潮、避光、陰涼處保存。對(duì)一些需嚴(yán)格滅菌的培養(yǎng)基，較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的貯存，必須放在3-6℃的冰箱內(nèi)。由于液體培養(yǎng)基不易長(zhǎng)期保管，均改制成粉末。
根據(jù)培養(yǎng)基的物理性質(zhì)，培養(yǎng)基分為：
1.液體培養(yǎng)基
80%～90%是水，其中配有可溶性的或不溶性的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的培養(yǎng)基。液體是為了得到大量的細(xì)胞或者細(xì)胞產(chǎn)物
2.固體培養(yǎng)基
一類配制成的固體狀態(tài)的基質(zhì)。 一般用來培養(yǎng)菌落或動(dòng)植物的組織。
在液體培養(yǎng)基中加入2%左右的瓊脂，加熱至100℃溶解，40℃下冷卻并凝固，使其成為固體狀態(tài)即為固體培養(yǎng)基。
3.半固體培養(yǎng)基
指在液體培養(yǎng)基中加入少量的凝固劑而配制成的半固體狀態(tài)的培養(yǎng)基。
培養(yǎng)基的選擇：
同一配方在不同著作中常會(huì)有某些差別。因此，除所用的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按其規(guī)定進(jìn)行配制外．一般均應(yīng)盡量收集有關(guān)資料．加以比較核對(duì)．再依據(jù)自己的使用目的加以選用，記錄其來源。
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What is the general general medium? What kinds do you have? General interpretation
Culture medium (Medium)
The culture medium (Medium) is an artificial feed for the growth and maintenance of microorganism, plant tissue and animal tissue. It usually contains carbohydrates, nitrogen containing substances, inorganic salts (including trace elements), and vitamins and water. Different culture media can add some compounds which can not be synthesized according to actual needs, that is, growth factors.
Why is the liquid medium powder?
Because of different raw materials, the culture medium has different use requirements, and storage and storage are slightly different. Generally, after being heated and moisture-absorbing, the common medium is easily contaminated or decomposed by bacteria. Therefore, the general medium must be kept in moisture, light and shade. For some sterilized media (such as tissue culture medium), long time storage must be placed in a refrigerator at 3-6 degrees Celsius. Because the liquid medium is not easy to keep for a long time, it is converted into powder.
According to the physical properties of the medium, the medium is generally divided into:
1. liquid medium
80% to 90% is water, which contains soluble or insoluble nutrients. The liquid is to get a lot of cells or cell products.
2. solid medium
The matrix of a class of solid state. A tissue commonly used to cultivate colonies or animals and plants.
Add about 2% agar in the liquid medium, heat it to 100 degrees, dissolve it, cool it at 40 degrees and solidify it into solid state, that is solid medium.
3. semisolid medium
A semisolid state medium consisting of a small amount of coagulant added to a liquid medium.
Selection of culture media:
There is always some difference in the formula of the same medium in different works. Therefore, in addition to the standard method used, it should be prepared in strict accordance with its provisions. Generally, the relevant data should be collected as far as possible.
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