成品預(yù)裝培養(yǎng)基平皿質(zhì)量要求
發(fā)布時間:
2022-12-27
作者:
成品預(yù)裝培養(yǎng)基平皿質(zhì)量要求
當(dāng)今科學(xué)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展,有關(guān)微生物檢測的高科技方法可謂如若瀚海。雖然培養(yǎng)皿檢測微生物是一個古老的、傳統(tǒng)的檢測方法,但由于它具有可以直接分離鑒別樣品、操作方便、結(jié)果可靠等優(yōu)點,所以至今仍廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生,臨床檢驗、實驗動物、食品、化妝品、工農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)保等眾多領(lǐng)域。在藥品質(zhì)量控制、安全評價和疾病診斷中尤其發(fā)揮著重要的作用。
培養(yǎng)基是微生物試驗的基礎(chǔ),直接影響微生物試驗結(jié)果,而成品預(yù)裝培養(yǎng)基平皿是培養(yǎng)基中的一種,是由脫水培養(yǎng)基完全溶解于水中,矯正PH值,然后滅菌和分裝于平皿而成。無論是實驗室配制的培養(yǎng)基平皿或商品化的成品預(yù)裝培養(yǎng)基平皿,其質(zhì)量都依賴于其制備的整個過程。采用不適宜方法制備的培養(yǎng)基將影響微生物的生長或復(fù)蘇,從而影響試驗結(jié)果的可靠性。所以要確保培養(yǎng)基平皿的質(zhì)量,需特別注意以下事項:
1
選擇適宜的培養(yǎng)基制備方法,不得使用結(jié)塊或顏色發(fā)生改變的脫水培養(yǎng)基。
2
培養(yǎng)基滅菌應(yīng)按照生產(chǎn)商提供的或經(jīng)驗證的參數(shù)進(jìn)行,避免采用不適當(dāng)?shù)募訜岷蜏缇鷹l件,而引起培養(yǎng)基顏色變化、透明度降低、瓊脂凝固力或pH值的改變。
3
應(yīng)確定每批培養(yǎng)基滅菌后的pH值(冷卻至室溫25℃測定)。若培養(yǎng)基處方中未列出pH值的范圍,除非經(jīng)驗證表明培養(yǎng)基的pH值允許的變化范圍很寬,否則,pH值的范圍不能超過規(guī)定值±0.2。
4
成品預(yù)裝培養(yǎng)基平皿應(yīng)確保無菌,并且平皿不得破裂,盡量避免形成氣泡,固體培養(yǎng)基表面不得產(chǎn)生裂縫或漣漪,在冷藏溫度下不得形成結(jié)晶,不得污染微生物等。
5
培養(yǎng)基升溫滅菌過程中溫度上升緩慢或滅菌后降溫過慢,可能導(dǎo)致培養(yǎng)基的過熱或過度滅菌,一定程度上會降低微生物培養(yǎng)基促生長的質(zhì)量,所以成品預(yù)裝培養(yǎng)基平皿應(yīng)通過微生物促生長試驗進(jìn)行驗證。
6
用于環(huán)境監(jiān)控的培養(yǎng)基平皿必須特別防護(hù),最好采用三層包裝和終端滅菌。不建議采用實驗室自制的培養(yǎng)皿通過100%預(yù)培養(yǎng)后用于潔凈區(qū)環(huán)境采樣,因為預(yù)培養(yǎng)過程中失水會影響微生物生長,且還存在培養(yǎng)皿被污染的可能。
7
貯藏和運(yùn)輸條件應(yīng)使成品培養(yǎng)基最低限度的失去水分并提供機(jī)械保護(hù)、避光保存。含瓊脂培養(yǎng)基平皿不得在0℃或0℃以下存放,冷凍可能破壞凝膠特性。
培養(yǎng)基平皿制備過程質(zhì)量控制和貯藏條件是提供優(yōu)質(zhì)培養(yǎng)基的保證。潔凈區(qū)環(huán)境浮游菌、沉降菌及表面微生物監(jiān)測用培養(yǎng)基一般采用胰酪大豆胨瓊脂培養(yǎng)基(TSA),必要時可加入適宜的中和劑;當(dāng)監(jiān)測結(jié)果有疑似真菌或考慮季節(jié)因素影響時,可增加沙氏葡萄糖瓊脂培養(yǎng)基(SDA)。
以用于潔凈環(huán)境的微生物監(jiān)控與微生物檢測的成品培養(yǎng)基和2015版《中華人民共和國藥典》規(guī)定純化水微生物限度檢測采用R2A瓊脂培養(yǎng)基為參考,列舉相應(yīng)質(zhì)量要求如下表所示:
TSA |
SDA |
R2A |
|
外觀 |
表面濕潤,平整、干凈,培養(yǎng)基顏色為淺黃色透明固體,無破損、氣泡、脫離現(xiàn)象。 |
||
pH值 |
pH值7.3±0.2 |
pH值5.6±0.2 |
pH值7.2±0.2 |
無菌性 檢查 |
培養(yǎng)5天后應(yīng)無菌落生長 |
培養(yǎng)7天后應(yīng)無菌落生長 |
培養(yǎng)5天后應(yīng)無菌落生長 |
填充量 |
Φ90mm培養(yǎng)基的裝量為20ml; Φ55mm的接觸碟裝量應(yīng)保證瓊脂在培養(yǎng)皿上形成凸起彎月面。 注意:為避免平皿在取樣過程中失水過多影響微生物生長,可根據(jù)潔凈區(qū)環(huán)境條件選擇適宜的裝量。 |
||
微生物 促生長 試驗 |
50%≤(銅綠假單胞菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉)回收率≤200%,菌落形態(tài)、大小與對照板一致 |
50%≤(白色念珠菌、黑曲霉)回收率≤200%,菌落形態(tài)、大小與對照板一致 |
50%≤(銅綠假單胞菌、枯草芽孢桿菌)回收率≤200%,菌落形態(tài)、大小與對照板一致 |
Quality requirements for finished product preloaded medium plate
With the rapid development of science and technology, the high technology of microbial detection is like the sea. Although Petri dish detection microorganism is an ancient and traditional detection method, it has been widely used in many fields, such as medical hygiene, clinical test, laboratory animal, food, cosmetics, industry and agriculture, environmental protection and so on, because it can separate and distinguish samples directly, and it has the advantages of convenient operation and reliable results. It plays an important role in drug quality control, safety evaluation and disease diagnosis.
The culture medium is the basis of microbiological test, which directly affects the results of microbiological test. The product preloaded medium plate is one of the medium, which is completely dissolved in water, corrected the pH value, and then sterilized and distributed in a Petri dish. Whether the laboratory preparation of the culture medium or the commercialized finished product, the quality of the dish is dependent on the whole process of its preparation. The culture medium prepared by unsuitable method will affect the growth or recovery of microorganisms, thus affecting the reliability of the test results. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of the dishes, we need to pay special attention to the following:
One
Choose suitable medium preparation method, and do not use dehydrated medium with caking or color changing.
Two
Culture medium sterilization should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's or verified parameters to avoid improper heating and sterilization conditions, resulting in changes in the color change of the medium, the decrease of transparency, the agar agar or the pH value.
Three
The pH value of each batch of medium after sterilization should be determined (cooling to room temperature at 25