培養(yǎng)基與細(xì)菌的關(guān)系和用途
發(fā)布時(shí)間：
2022-12-27
作者：
國(guó)內(nèi)做培養(yǎng)基比較出名的
1.培養(yǎng)基的概念
細(xì)菌可用人工方法大量培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)基是適于細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)繁殖需要的各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)人工配制而成的基質(zhì)。按營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和用途不同，分為基礎(chǔ)、合成、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、鑒別、選擇和厭氧培養(yǎng)基。按物理形態(tài)分為固體、半固體和液體培養(yǎng)基三類。根據(jù)細(xì)菌的種類和培養(yǎng)目的不同，可采用不同的培養(yǎng)基。
2.細(xì)菌在培養(yǎng)基中的生長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)象
（1）液體培養(yǎng)基主要用于細(xì)菌的增菌。細(xì)菌在液體培養(yǎng)基中生長(zhǎng)可表現(xiàn)為液體變混濁，表面形成菌膜，管底沉淀物。
（2）半固體培養(yǎng)基含有0.3%～0.5%低濃度的瓊脂，可用于觀察細(xì)菌的動(dòng)力。有鞭毛的細(xì)菌可克服低濃度瓊脂的阻擋，擴(kuò)散至穿刺線以外，穿刺線變混濁；無鞭毛的細(xì)菌只能在穿刺線上生長(zhǎng)，穿刺線清晰。
（3）固體培養(yǎng)基含2%～3%的瓊脂，平板固體用于細(xì)菌的分離，試管固體培養(yǎng)基用于菌種的保存。醫(yī)學(xué)教育|網(wǎng)搜集菌落是單個(gè)細(xì)菌在固體培養(yǎng)基上生長(zhǎng)繁殖后形成肉眼可見的細(xì)菌集團(tuán)，是純種細(xì)菌。細(xì)菌的菌落分為3型：光滑型菌落、粗糙型菌落和粘液型菌落。
3.人工培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌的用途
（1）在醫(yī)學(xué)中的應(yīng)用用于感染性疾病的病原學(xué)診斷和藥物敏感試驗(yàn)、細(xì)菌學(xué)的研究以及生物制品的制備。
（2）在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用廣泛應(yīng)用于制藥、食品工業(yè)和污水處理等。
The relationship between bacteria and culture medium and their uses
1. concept of culture medium
Bacteria can be cultured in large quantities by manual methods. The medium is a matrix made up of various nutrients that are needed for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Medium is divided into basic medium, synthetic medium, nutrient medium, differential medium, selective medium and anaerobic medium according to nutrient composition and use. According to the physical form of the medium, it is divided into three categories: solid, semisolid and liquid medium. Depending on the species and purpose of culture, different culture media can be used.
2. growth of bacteria in culture medium
(1) liquid medium is mainly used for bacteria enrichment. The growth of bacteria in liquid medium can be seen as liquid turbidity, bacterial membrane formation on the surface, sediment at the bottom of the tube.
(2) semisolid medium containing 0.3% to 0.5% low agar can be used to observe the dynamics of bacteria. Flagellated bacteria can overcome the barrier of low concentration agar and diffuse beyond the puncture line, puncture line becomes turbid; non-flagellated bacteria can only grow on the puncture line, puncture line is clear.
(3) Solid medium contains 2%-3% agar, plate solid medium is used for bacterial isolation, tube solid medium is used for bacterial preservation. Medical Education | Colony collection is a group of bacteria that can be seen by the naked eye after a single bacterium grows and propagates on a solid medium. It is a purebred bacterium. The bacterial colonies were classified into 3 types: smooth colony, rough colony and mucoid colony.
3. use of artificial culture bacteria
(1) Application in medicine for the pathogenic diagnosis of infectious diseases and drug sensitivity tests, bacteriological studies and preparation of biological products.
(2) the application in industrial and agricultural production is widely used in pharmaceutical industry, food industry and sewage treatment.