問(wèn)：微生物培養(yǎng)基的種類(lèi)，分類(lèi)和類(lèi)型有哪些？
發(fā)布時(shí)間：
2022-12-24
作者：
中國(guó)大的培養(yǎng)基制作公司
問(wèn)：微生物培養(yǎng)基的種類(lèi)，分類(lèi)和類(lèi)型有哪些？微生物培養(yǎng)基的用途
答：按其物理狀態(tài)可分為固體、液體和半固體培養(yǎng)基三類(lèi)。
1，固體培養(yǎng)基是在培養(yǎng)基中加入凝固劑，有瓊脂、明膠、硅膠等。固體培養(yǎng)基常用于微生物分離、鑒定、計(jì)數(shù)和菌種保存等方面。
用于微生物分離，鑒定，計(jì)數(shù)。如圖，微生物分離成菌落、菌苔。圖中為大腸桿菌菌落，是用涂布平板法得到。
2，半固微生物培養(yǎng)基的用途體是在液體培養(yǎng)基中加入少量凝固劑而呈半固體狀態(tài)?？捎糜谟^察細(xì)菌的運(yùn)動(dòng)、鑒定菌種和測(cè)定噬菌體的效價(jià)等方面。
用于觀察微生物運(yùn)動(dòng)特征。如圖，左側(cè)試管中微生物不運(yùn)動(dòng)，而右側(cè)試管中微生物運(yùn)動(dòng)，因而兩試管中現(xiàn)象不同。
3，液體培養(yǎng)基中不加任何凝固劑。成分均勻，微生物能充分接觸和利用培養(yǎng)基中的養(yǎng)料，適于作生理等研究，由于發(fā)酵率高，操作方便，也常用于發(fā)酵工業(yè)。
用于觀察微生物生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)。如圖，此例中左側(cè)為表面生長(zhǎng)，右側(cè)為沉淀生長(zhǎng)，中間兩個(gè)為均勻混濁生長(zhǎng)。
培養(yǎng)基按微生物的種類(lèi)可分為細(xì)菌、放線(xiàn)菌、酵母菌和霉菌培養(yǎng)基等四類(lèi)。
1，常用的細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)基有營(yíng)養(yǎng)肉湯和營(yíng)養(yǎng)瓊脂；
2，常用的放線(xiàn)菌培養(yǎng)基為高氏1號(hào)；
3，常用的酵母菌培養(yǎng)基有馬鈴薯蔗糖和麥芽汁；
4，常用的霉菌培養(yǎng)基有馬鈴薯蔗糖、豆芽汁蔗糖（或葡萄糖，葡萄糖比較昂貴）瓊脂和察氏培養(yǎng)基等。
按其特殊用途可分為基礎(chǔ)、加富、選擇性和鑒別培養(yǎng)基。
1，基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基：是含有一般微生物生長(zhǎng)繁殖所需基本營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)基。牛肉膏蛋白胨是最常用的 基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基。
2，加富培養(yǎng)基：是在基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基中加入血、血清、動(dòng)植物組織提取液制成的培養(yǎng)基。用于培養(yǎng)要求比較苛刻的某些微生物。
3，選擇性培養(yǎng)基：是在普通培養(yǎng)基中加入特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)或化學(xué)物質(zhì)，以抑制不需要的微生物的生長(zhǎng)，有利于所需微生物的生長(zhǎng)。用于將某種或某類(lèi)微生物從混雜的微生物群體中分離出來(lái)。
日水生物qdrishui.cn
Q: what kinds, types and types of microbial media are there?
Answer: according to the physical state of the medium
According to their physical state, the medium can be divided into three categories: solid medium, liquid medium and semisolid medium.
1, solid medium. It is added coagulant in the medium, agar, gelatin, silica gel and so on. Solid medium is often used for isolation, identification, enumeration and preservation of microorganisms.
Used for microbiological separation, identification, and counting. For example, microbes are separated into colonies and fungi. The coliform colony is obtained by the coated plate method.
2, semisolid medium. It is a semisolid state with a small amount of coagulant added to the liquid medium. It can be used to observe the movement of bacteria, identify strains and determine the potency of bacteriophages.
It is used to observe the characteristics of microorganism movement. As shown here, the microorganism in the left tube is not moving, but the microorganism in the right tube is moving, so the two test tube is different.
3, liquid medium. No coagulant is added to the liquid medium. The composition of the medium is uniform, and the microorganism can fully contact and utilize the nutrients in the medium. It is suitable for the study of physiology. It is also used in the fermentation industry because of its high fermentation rate and convenient operation.
It is used to observe the growth state of microbes. In this case, the left side is the surface growth, the right side is the precipitate growth, and the two is the uniform cloudy growth.
According to the species of microbes
The culture medium can be divided into four categories: bacterial culture medium, actinomycete culture medium, yeast culture medium and mould medium according to the type of microorganism.
1, commonly used bacterial culture media include nutrient broth and nutrient agar medium.
2, the commonly used actinomycetes culture medium is Gao's No. 1 medium.
3, commonly used yeast culture medium is potato sucrose medium and wort medium.
4, the common fungal culture medium includes the sucrose medium of potato, the sucrose of the bean sprout juice (or the glucose, the more expensive glucose) agar medium and the Cha's medium.
According to the use of culture medium
The media can be divided into basic medium, enriched medium, selective medium and differential medium according to their special uses.
1, the basic medium is a medium that contains basic nutrients needed for the growth and reproduction of ordinary microorganisms. Beef paste peptone medium is the most commonly used basal medium.
2, enrichment medium: medium added with blood, serum, animal and plant extracts. It is used to cultivate some demanding microorganisms.
3, selective medium: the addition of special nutrients or chemicals to the ordinary medium in order to inhibit the growth of the non - needed microorganisms and the growth of the required microbes. Used to separate certain or certain microorganisms from mixed microbial populations.