血清學(xué)反應(yīng)
血清學(xué)反應(yīng)是指相應(yīng)的抗原與抗體在體外一定條件下作用，可出現(xiàn)肉眼可見的沉淀、凝集現(xiàn)象。在微生物檢驗(yàn)中，常用血清學(xué)反應(yīng)來鑒定分離到的細(xì)菌，以最終確認(rèn)檢測結(jié)果。
抗原
是指能刺激機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)答而生成抗體和致敏淋巴細(xì)胞等免疫應(yīng)答產(chǎn)物，并能與之發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合的物質(zhì)。產(chǎn)生的相應(yīng)抗體與抗原結(jié)合，形成抗原—抗體復(fù)合物，產(chǎn)生免疫反應(yīng)，從而保護(hù)機(jī)體不受抗原侵害而造成破壞。一般抗原都是外來物體，如細(xì)菌、病毒、寄生蟲等 。
抗體
機(jī)體受外來抗原物質(zhì)刺激后，產(chǎn)生的一種與該抗原發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合的免疫球蛋白(Ig) 被分為G，A，M, E, D等幾類. 最典型的抗體是IgG, 有Y型三維結(jié)構(gòu), 包含兩套重鏈和輕鏈。
凝集反應(yīng)
顆粒性抗原（細(xì)菌、紅細(xì)胞等）與相應(yīng)抗體結(jié)合，在電解質(zhì)參與下所形成的肉眼可見的凝集現(xiàn)象，稱為凝集反應(yīng)（Agglutination reaction）。其中的抗原稱為凝集原，抗體稱為凝集素。直接凝集反應(yīng)
顆粒性抗原如細(xì)菌和細(xì)胞與相應(yīng)抗體直接結(jié)合所出現(xiàn)的反應(yīng)。
Serological reaction
Serological reaction refers to the deposition and agglutination of the corresponding antigen and antibody under certain conditions in vitro. In microbiological testing, serological reactions are often used to identify isolated bacteria, so as to finally confirm the test results.
antigen
It is the substance that can stimulate the immune system of the body to produce the immune response, and generate the immune response products such as antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes, and can specifically combine with it. The resulting antibodies bind to the antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex and producing an immune response, thus protecting the body from antigens and causing damage. General antigens are foreign objects, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and so on.
The antibody
The body by external antigen stimulation, combined with the antigen specificity of immunoglobulin (Ig) is divided into G, A, M, E, D, etc. A few classes. The most typical is antibody IgG, type Y three-dimensional structure, contains two sets of heavy chain and light chain.
agglutination
Granular antigen (bacteria, red blood cells, etc.) binds to the corresponding antibodies, and the visible Agglutination phenomenon formed under the participation of electrolytes is called Agglutination reaction. The antigen is called agglutinin, and the antibody is called agglutinin. Direct agglutination
Reactions in which granular antigens such as bacteria and cells bind directly to the corresponding antibodies.
