15種常見培養(yǎng)基的基本特性
發(fā)布時間：
2022-12-27
作者：
即用型無菌瓶裝液體培養(yǎng)基
一些常見培養(yǎng)基的基本特性
1、RPMI-1640 Medium
RPMI-1640廣泛應(yīng)用于哺乳動物、特殊造血細(xì)胞、正?；驉盒栽錾陌准?xì)胞，雜交瘤細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)，是目前應(yīng)用十分廣泛的培養(yǎng)基。主要用于懸浮細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。其它像K-562、HL-60、Jurkat、Daudi、IM-9等成淋巴細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤細(xì)胞以及HCT-15上皮細(xì)胞等均可參考使用。
2、Minimum Essential Medium（MEM）
也稱最低必需培養(yǎng)基，它僅含有12種必需氨基酸、谷氨酰胺和8種維生素。成分簡單，可廣泛適應(yīng)各種已建成細(xì)胞系和不同地方的哺乳動物細(xì)胞類型的培養(yǎng)。MEM-Alpha一般用于培養(yǎng)一些難培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞類型，而其它沒有特殊之處的細(xì)胞株則幾乎均可采用MEM來培養(yǎng)。
3、DMEM-高糖（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型）
一種應(yīng)用十分廣泛的培養(yǎng)基，可用于許多哺乳動物細(xì)胞培養(yǎng),更適合高密度懸浮細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。適用于附著性較差，但又不希望它脫離原來生長點(diǎn)的克隆培養(yǎng)，也可用于雜交瘤中骨髓瘤細(xì)胞和DNA轉(zhuǎn)染的轉(zhuǎn)化細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)。
4、DMEM-低糖（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型）
一種應(yīng)用十分廣泛的培養(yǎng)基，可用于許多哺乳動物細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。低糖適于依賴性貼壁細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)，特別適用于生長速度快、附著性較差的腫瘤細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。
5、DMEM/F12
DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基適于克隆密度的培養(yǎng)。F12培養(yǎng)基成分復(fù)雜，含有多種微量元素，和DMEM以1：1結(jié)合，稱為DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基（DME/F12medium），作為開發(fā)無血清配方的基礎(chǔ)，以利用F12含有較豐富的成分和DMEM含有較高濃度的營養(yǎng)成分為優(yōu)點(diǎn)。該培養(yǎng)基適用于血清含量較低條件下哺乳動物細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。為了增強(qiáng)該培養(yǎng)基的緩沖能力，改良之一是在DMEM/F12（1：1）中加入15mM HEPES緩沖液。
6、McCoy’s 5A
McCoy’s 5A Medium 主要為肉瘤細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)所設(shè)計，可支持多種（如骨髓、皮膚、肺和脾臟等）的原代移植物的生長，除適于一般的原代細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)外，主要用于作組織活檢培養(yǎng)、一些淋巴細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)以及一些難培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的生長支持。例如Jensen大鼠肉瘤成纖維細(xì)胞、人淋巴細(xì)胞、HT-29、BHL-100等上皮細(xì)胞。
7、Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco Medium (IMDM)
Guilber 和Iscove將Dulbecco’ Medium 改良為 Iscove’s Medium，用于培養(yǎng)紅細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞前體。此種培養(yǎng)液含有硒、額外的氨基酸和維生素、丙酮酸鈉和HEPES。并用硝酸鉀取代了硝酸鐵。IMDM還能夠促進(jìn)小鼠B淋巴細(xì)胞，LPS刺激的B細(xì)胞，骨髓造血細(xì)胞，T細(xì)胞和淋巴瘤細(xì)胞的生長。IMDM為營養(yǎng)非常豐富的培養(yǎng)液，因此可以用于高密度細(xì)胞的快速增殖培養(yǎng)。
8、M-199 Medium
1950年，Morgan成功研制出具有確定化學(xué)成分的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液，即M-199，主要用于雞胚成纖維細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。此培養(yǎng)液必須輔以血清才能支持長期培養(yǎng)。M-199可用于培養(yǎng)多種種屬來源的細(xì)胞，并能培養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞。
9、Leibovitz Medium （L-15）
L-15培養(yǎng)液適用于快速增殖瘤細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)，用于在CO2缺乏的情況下培養(yǎng)腫瘤細(xì)胞株。此培養(yǎng)液采用磷酸鹽緩沖體系，氨基酸組成進(jìn)一步改良，并由半乳糖替代了葡萄糖。
10、Ham’s F-10培養(yǎng)基：適應(yīng)小鼠細(xì)胞、人類二倍體的培養(yǎng)。
11、Ham’s F-12培養(yǎng)基：可以在加入很少血清的情況下應(yīng)用，特別適合單細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)和克隆化培養(yǎng)，是無血清培養(yǎng)中常用的基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)液。
12、William’s Medium E：用于大鼠肝上皮細(xì)胞的長期細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。
13、MCDB 131 培養(yǎng)液：用于培養(yǎng)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞。
14、Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Media：用于培養(yǎng)造血細(xì)胞。
15、植物血凝素（PHA）：增加細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化和DNA合成。
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Basic characteristics of some common media
1, Medium RPMI - 1640
Rpm-1640 is widely used in mammalian, special hematopoietic cells, white blood cells with normal or malignant hyperplasia, and culture of hybridoma cells. Mainly used for suspension cell culture. Other lymphocytes such as k-562, hl-60, Jurkat, Daudi, im-9, t-cell lymphoma cells, and hct-15 epithelial cells can be used for reference.
2. Minimum Essential Medium (MEM)
Also known as minimum essential medium, it contains only 12 essential amino acids, glutamine and 8 vitamins. It is simple in composition and can be widely used in the culture of various established cell lines and mammalian cell types in different places. MEM-Alpha is generally used to culture some difficult cell types, while almost all other cell lines without special features can be cultured with MEM.
3. DMEM- high sugar (standard)
A widely used culture medium can be used in many mammalian cell culture, more suitable for high-density suspension cell culture. It can be used in the culture of myeloma cells and DNA transfected transformed cells in hybrid tumors.
4. DMEM- low sugar (standard)
A widely used culture medium for many mammalian cell cultures. Hypoglycemia is suitable for culture of adherent cells, especially for tumor cells with fast growth rate and poor adhesion.
5, DMEM/F12.
DMEM/F12 medium is suitable for culture of clonal density. F12 medium composition complex, contain a variety of trace elements, combined with DMEM with 1:1, called DMEM/F12 medium (DME/F12medium), as the foundation of the development of serum-free formula, taking advantage of F12 contains rich ingredients and DMEM containing high levels of nutrients for advantage. The culture medium is suitable for mammalian cell culture with low serum content. To enhance the buffer capacity of the medium, one of the improvements was to add 15mM HEPES buffer in DMEM/F12 (1:1).
6, McCoy's 5 a
McCoy's 5 a Medium is mainly designed for the cultivation of the sarcoma cells, can support multiple (such as bone marrow, skin, lung and spleen, etc.) of the growth of the primary graft, except for general primary cell culture, it is mainly used for a biopsy cultivation, some lymphocytes as well as some difficult to support the growth of cultured cells. For example, the fibroblasts, human lymphocytes, ht-29, bhl-100 and other epithelial cells of Jensen's rat sarcoma.
7. Iscove's Modified Dulbecco Medium (IMDM)
Guilber and Iscove modified Dulbecco's Medium to Iscove's Medium, which is used to culture red blood cells and macrophages. This culture medium contains selenium, extra amino acids and vitamins, sodium pyruvate and HEPES. Potassium nitrate was substituted for iron nitrate. IMDM also promoted the growth of mouse B lymphocytes, lps-stimulated B cells, bone marrow hematopoietic cells, T cells and lymphoma cells. IMDM is a nutrient-rich medium, so it can be used in the rapid proliferation and culture of high-density cells.
8, the M - 199 Medium
In 1950, Morgan successfully developed a cell culture medium with definite chemical composition, namely m-199, which was mainly used in chicken embryo fibroblast culture. The medium must be supplemented with serum to support long-term culture. M-199 can be used to grow cells from a variety of genera sources and to grow transfected cells.
9. Leibovitz Medium (l-15)
L-15 culture medium is suitable for the culture of rapidly proliferating tumor cells and for the culture of tumor cell lines in the absence of CO2. Phosphate buffer system was used in this culture medium. The amino acid composition was further improved and glucose was replaced by galactose.
10. Ham's f-10 culture medium: adapted to the culture of mouse cells and human diploids.
11. Ham's f-12 culture medium: it can be applied with little serum, especially suitable for single cell culture and clonal culture, and is a common basic culture medium in serum-free culture.
12. William's Medium E: for long-term cell culture of rat liver epithelial cells.
13. MCDB 131 culture medium: used to culture endothelial cells.
14. Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Media: used to culture hematopoietic cells.
15. Plant hemagglutinin (PHA) : increases cell transformation and DNA synthesis.